What does kyphosis describe?

Kyphosis refers to an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. This condition often results in a rounded upper back, sometimes referred to as a hunchbacked appearance. The curvature can be a normal part of the spine's anatomy in certain populations, such as older adults, but when it becomes exaggerated, it can lead to postural issues and discomfort.

Understanding kyphosis is essential in fitness and rehabilitation, as imbalances in the spine can affect mobility, breathing, and overall health. Recognizing this condition helps fitness instructors tailor programs that address postural alignment and strengthen the muscles around the spine, particularly the back extensors, to promote better posture.

The other options present different spinal conditions or muscle characteristics that do not describe kyphosis. Flattening of the lumbar spine refers to a different type of spinal alignment change, as does increased rigidity in the hamstrings, which is unrelated to spinal curvature. The lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine actually refers to the inward curve of the lower back, contrasting with the outward curve seen in kyphosis.