Which group of muscles is primarily affected in cases of shoulder impingement syndrome?

Shoulder impingement syndrome primarily affects the rotator cuff muscles. These muscles play a crucial role in stabilizing the shoulder joint and enabling a wide range of arm movements. When there is impingement, it typically involves the tendons of the rotator cuff becoming pinched between the humeral head and the acromion, leading to pain and reduced mobility. This condition often arises from repetitive overhead activities, poor posture, or anatomical variations in the shoulder structure that can further compromise the space within the shoulder joint.

Impingement can lead to inflammation and irritation of the rotator cuff tendons, causing symptoms such as pain during arm movements, particularly those that involve raising the arm overhead. Strengthening and rehabilitating the rotator cuff muscles, therefore, is a critical focus for treatment and prevention of shoulder impingement syndrome. Understanding the role of these muscles helps in designing effective corrective exercise programs and rehabilitation strategies for individuals experiencing shoulder issues.